Effects of Coal Mining

• Release of carbon dioxide and methane, both of which are greenhouse gases causing climate change and global warming. Coal is the largest contributor to the human-made increase of CO2 in the atmosphere.
• Waste products including uranium, thorium, and other radioactive and heavy
  metal contaminants
• Acid rain
• Acid mine drainage (AMD)
• Interference with groundwater and water table levels
• Impact of water use on flows of rivers and consequential impact on other
  land-uses
• Dust nuisance
• tunnels, sometimes damaging infrastructure
• Rendering land unfit for the other uses
• Negative impact on wildlife include:
  habitat impairment, reduced living space, destruction
• Loss of topsoil
• Coal seam fires
• Fly ash spills
• Mercury emissions
  
  

Effects of Oil Production

• Oil spills (destruction of wildlife, water supply, etc.)
• Carbon dioxide emissions
• Air pollution
• Effluent and waste discharges (which can seep into the ground and become
  mixed with underground water systems)
• Negative impact on biodiversity
• Food shortages (fishing and farming are impacted in many areas)
• Negative impact on traditional cultures, cultural values, spirituality,
  and social harmony
• Negative effect on food chain
• Various health concerns

Anthropogenic global warming (AWG)
The release of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere is at least partly responsible for the steady rise in global temperatures that has been documented over the past 60 years. The effects of this global temperature rise and increased levels of CO2 in the atmosphere are potentially devestating to the health of terrestrial and marine natural ecosystems.

More information can be obtained from the International Panel on Climate Change.